Traduction et analyse de mots par intelligence artificielle ChatGPT
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Qu'est-ce (qui) est Visite machen - définition
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![Alexander Gardner]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Carte de visite of John Wilkes Booth.jpg?width=200 "Alexander Gardner]]")
![Disdéri]], which popularized the CdV format](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Napoleon III, CDV by Disderi, 1859-retouch.jpg?width=200 "Disdéri]], which popularized the CdV format")
![[[Tewodros II]] of Ethiopia in the 1860s.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Tewodros II of Ethiopia in the 1860s.jpg?width=200 "[[Tewodros II]] of Ethiopia in the 1860s.")
![[[Hector Berlioz]], c.1864](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hector Berlioz Crop.jpg?width=200 "[[Hector Berlioz]], c.1864")
![Two photographs taken during the [[American Civil War]]. Each soldier shown here served with the 77th Illinois Volunteer Infantry.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cdv.jpg?width=200 "Two photographs taken during the [[American Civil War]]. Each soldier shown here served with the 77th Illinois Volunteer Infantry.")
![[[Sojourner Truth]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Carte de visite.jpg?width=200 "[[Sojourner Truth]]")
![A later [[cabinet card]] of a similar image of Sojourner Truth.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cabinet Card of Sojourner Truth - Collection of the National Museum of African American History and Culture.jpg?width=200 "A later [[cabinet card]] of a similar image of Sojourner Truth.")
![One of only two known photographs of [[Mary Seacole]], taken by Maull & Company in London, c.1873.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Seacole photo.jpg?width=200 "One of only two known photographs of [[Mary Seacole]], taken by Maull & Company in London, c.1873.")
![Indian-club]] exercising to the United States from England.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/CarteDeVisiteSimDKehoeLate1800s.jpg?width=200 "Indian-club]] exercising to the United States from England.")
![Gordon, an enslaved man]], reproduced by [[Mathew Brady]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gordon, scourged back, NPG, 1863.jpg?width=200 "Gordon, an enslaved man]], reproduced by [[Mathew Brady]].")
![[[Wilson Chinn]], a branded slave from Louisiana--Also exhibiting instruments of torture used to punish slaves](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Wilson Chinn.jpg?width=200 "[[Wilson Chinn]], a branded slave from Louisiana--Also exhibiting instruments of torture used to punish slaves")
![Kinman]] to Abraham Lincoln. Kinman sold CdVs in the U.S. Capitol.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/KinmanLincolnChair.jpg?width=200 "Kinman]] to Abraham Lincoln. Kinman sold CdVs in the U.S. Capitol.")
![[[Fridtjof Nansen]], Arctic explorer and scientist 1886.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fridtjof Nansen 1886.jpg?width=200 "[[Fridtjof Nansen]], Arctic explorer and scientist 1886.")
![An early [[cat macro]] by British portrait photographer [[Harry Pointer]], c.1870s.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/BtnPointerCat02.jpg?width=200 "An early [[cat macro]] by British portrait photographer [[Harry Pointer]], c.1870s.")
![[[Camille Silvy]]'s portrait of William Fane De Salis, London, 1861.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/UncleWillyYoungerStanding.jpg?width=200 "[[Camille Silvy]]'s portrait of William Fane De Salis, London, 1861.")
![Rev. [[Christopher Newman Hall]], British clergyman c.1860](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Carte de visite of Rev. Newman Hall c.1860.jpg?width=200 "Rev. [[Christopher Newman Hall]], British clergyman c.1860")
![[[Elizabeth Thompson]], military painter c.1875](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Elizabeth Southerden Thompson, painter,carte de visite by Robert W.Thrupp.jpg?width=200 "[[Elizabeth Thompson]], military painter c.1875")
Wikipédia
John Gresham Machen (; 1881–1937) was an American Presbyterian New Testament scholar and educator in the early 20th century. He was the Professor of New Testament at Princeton Seminary between 1906 and 1929, and led a revolt against modernist theology at Princeton and formed Westminster Theological Seminary as a more orthodox alternative. As the Northern Presbyterian Church continued to reject conservative attempts to enforce faithfulness to the Westminster Confession, Machen led a small group of conservatives out of the church to form the Orthodox Presbyterian Church. When the northern Presbyterian church (PCUSA) rejected his arguments during the mid-1920s and decided to reorganize Princeton Seminary to create a liberal school, Machen took the lead in founding Westminster Seminary in Philadelphia (1929) where he taught New Testament until his death. His continued opposition during the 1930s to liberalism in his denomination's foreign missions agencies led to the creation of a new organization, the Independent Board for Presbyterian Foreign Missions (1933). The trial, conviction and suspension from the ministry of Independent Board members, including Machen, in 1935 and 1936 provided the rationale for the formation in 1936 of the OPC.
Machen is considered to be the last of the great Princeton theologians who had, since the formation of the college in the early 19th century, developed Princeton theology: a conservative and Calvinist form of Evangelical Christianity. Although Machen can be compared to the great Princeton theologians (Archibald Alexander, Charles Hodge, A. A. Hodge, and B. B. Warfield), he was neither a lecturer in theology (he was a New Testament scholar) nor did he ever become the seminary's principal.
Machen's influence can still be felt today through the existence of the institutions that he founded: Westminster Theological Seminary, the Independent Board for Presbyterian Foreign Missions, and the Orthodox Presbyterian Church. In addition, his textbook on basic New Testament Greek is still used today in many seminaries, including PCUSA schools.
